The Quran (Arabic: القرآن) is the final revelation of God (Allah) to humanity. It was revealed over a period of 23 years to the Prophet Muhammad in the Arabic language through the Angel Gabriel.

• Word of God (Kalam Allah): Not composed by human beings.
• Inimitability: Unique in style and content; no one has been able to produce anything comparable to date.
• Miraculous Nature (I'jaz): Proves its divine origin.
• Uncorrupted Transmission (mutawatir): Transmitted orally and in writing, secured by multiple chains of narration.
• Worshipful Recitation: Recitation is an act of worship in Islam and is irreplaceable in prayer.

114 Surahs (chapters), 6236 Ayaat (verses).

• Mostly begins with the formula “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” (except for Surah 9).
• Arrangement is largely by length – from long (e.g., Surah 2) to short (e.g., Surah 114).
• The written form is called “Mushaf”.

Two common criticisms are refuted as follows:

• No Corruption: The Quran was memorized by many companions and written down on various materials during the Prophet's lifetime.
• Not Invented by Muhammad: The Quran surpasses human abilities in terms of style and content, posing a challenge that has remained unanswered to this day.

• The very first contact with divine revelation did not occur directly through the Angel Gabriel, but, according to authentic narration (Sahih al-Bukhari), began with truthful dreams that always came true – serving as a preparation for the coming revelation.
• Thereafter, the Prophet frequently withdrew to the Cave of Hira, where the first literal revelation through Angel Gabriel was granted to him:

“Recite in the name of your Lord…” (Quran 96:1ff.)

These experiences led to intense emotional reactions such as fear, uncertainty, physical trembling, and deep inner shock, whereupon his wife Khadijah supported him and took him to the Christian Waraqa ibn Nawfal, who recognized the revelation as authentic.