The Quran (القرآن)

What is the Quran?

The Quran (Arabic: القرآن) is the final revelation of God (Allah) to humanity. It was revealed over a period of 23 years to the Prophet Muhammad in the Arabic language through the Angel Gabriel.

Attributes of the Quran

Word of God (Kalam Allah): Not composed by human beings.
Inimitability: Unique in style and content; no one has been able to produce anything comparable to date.
Miraculous Nature (I'jaz): Proves its divine origin.
Uncorrupted Transmission (mutawatir): Transmitted orally and in writing, secured by multiple chains of narration.
Worshipful Recitation: Recitation is an act of worship in Islam and is irreplaceable in prayer.

Structure of the Quran

114 Surahs (chapters), 6236 Ayaat (verses).

Mostly begins with the formula “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” (except for Surah 9).
Arrangement is largely by length – from long (e.g., Surah 2) to short (e.g., Surah 114).
The written form is called “Mushaf”.

Authenticity of the Quran

Two common criticisms are refuted as follows:

No Corruption: The Quran was memorized by many companions and written down on various materials during the Prophet's lifetime.
Not Invented by Muhammad: The Quran surpasses human abilities in terms of style and content, posing a challenge that has remained unanswered to this day.

Beginning of the Revelation

The very first contact with divine revelation did not occur directly through the Angel Gabriel, but, according to authentic narration (Sahih al-Bukhari), began with truthful dreams that always came true – serving as a preparation for the coming revelation.
Thereafter, the Prophet frequently withdrew to the Cave of Hira, where the first literal revelation through Angel Gabriel was granted to him:

“Recite in the name of your Lord…” (Quran 96:1ff.)

These experiences led to intense emotional reactions such as fear, uncertainty, physical trembling, and deep inner shock, whereupon his wife Khadijah supported him and took him to the Christian Waraqa ibn Nawfal, who recognized the revelation as authentic.

The content of the Quran

Nr.	Arabic	Transcription	Link	English
		DMG
1	الفاتحة	al-Fātiḥa	al-Fatiha	The Opening
2	البقرة	al-Baqara	al-Baqara	The Cow
3	آل عمران	Āl ʿImrān	Al Imran	The Family of Imran
4	النّساء	an-Nisāʾ	an-Nisa	The Women
5	المائدة	al-Māʾida	al-Maida	The Table Spread
6	الأنعام	al-Anʿām	al-Anam	The Cattle
7	الأعراف	al-Aʿrāf	al-Araf	The Heights
8	الأنفال	al-Anfāl	al-Anfal	The Spoils of War
9	التوبة	at-Tauba	at-Tauba	The Repentance
10	يونس	Yūnus	Yunus	Jonah
11	هود	Hūd	Hud	Hud
12	يوسف	Yūsuf	Yusuf	Joseph
13	الرّعد	ar-Raʿd	ar-Rad	The Thunder
14	إبراهيم	Ibrāhīm	Ibrahim	Abraham
15	الحجر	al-Ḥiǧr	al-Hijr	Al-Hijr
16	النّحل	an-Naḥl	an-Nahl	The Bee
17	الإسراء	al-Isrāʾ	al-Isra	The Night Journey
18	الكهف	al-Kahf	al-Kahf	The Cave
19	مريم	Maryam	Maryam	Mary
20	طه	Ṭā-Hā	Ta-Ha	Ta-Ha
21	الأنبياء	al-Anbiyāʾ	al-Anbiya	The Prophets
22	الحجّ	al-Ḥaǧǧ	al-Hajj	The Pilgrimage
23	المؤمنون	al-Muʾminūn	al-Muminun	The Believers
24	النّور	an-Nūr	an-Nur	The Light
25	الفرقان	al-Furqān	al-Furqan	The Criterion
26	الشّعراء	aš-Šuʿarāʾ	ash-Shuara	The Poets
27	النّمل	an-Naml	an-Naml	The Ants
28	القصص	al-Qaṣaṣ	al-Qasas	The Stories
29	العنكبوت	al-ʿAnkabūt	al-Ankabut	The Spider
30	الرّوم	ar-Rūm	ar-Rum	The Romans
31	لقمان	Luqmān	Luqman	Luqman
32	السّجدة	as-Saǧda	as-Sajda	The Prostration
33	الأحزاب	al-Aḥzāb	al-Ahzab	The Confederates
34	سبأ	Sabaʾ	Saba	Sheba
35	فاطر	Fāṭir	Fatir	The Originator
36	يس	Yā-Sīn	Ya-Sin	Ya-Sin
37	الصّافات	aṣ-Ṣāffāt	as-Saffat	Those Ranged in Ranks
38	ص	Ṣād	Sad	Sad
39	الزّمر	az-Zumar	az-Zumar	The Troops
40	غافر	Ġāfir	Ghafir	The Forgiver
41	فصّلت	Fuṣṣilat	Fussilat	Explained in Detail
42	الشّورى	aš-Šūrā	ash-Shura	The Consultation
43	الزّخرف	az-Zuḫruf	az-Zukhruf	The Gold Adornments
44	الدّخان	ad-Duḫān	ad-Dukhan	The Smoke
45	الجاثية	al-Ǧāṯiya	al-Jasiya	The Kneeling
46	الأحقاف	al-Aḥqāf	al-Ahqaf	The Sand Dunes
47	محمّد	Muḥammad	Muhammad	Muhammad
48	الفتح	al-Fatḥ	al-Fath	The Victory
49	الحجرات	al-Ḥuǧurāt	al-Hujurat	The Rooms
50	ق	Qāf	Qaf	Qaf
51	الذّاريات	aḏ-Ḏāriyāt	adh-Dhariyat	The Winnowing Winds
52	الطّور	at-Tūr	at-Tur	The Mount
53	النّجم	an-Nağm	an-Najm	The Star
54	القمر	al-Qamar	al-Qamar	The Moon
55	الرّحمن	ar-Raḥmān	ar-Rahman	The Most Gracious
56	الواقعة	al-Wāqiʿa	al-Waqia	The Event
57	الحديد	al-Ḥadīd	al-Hadid	The Iron
58	المجادلة	al-Muǧādala	al-Mujadala	The Pleading Woman
59	الحشر	al-Ḥašr	al-Hashr	The Exile
60	الممتحنة	al-Mumtaḥana	al-Mumtahana	The Woman to be Examined
61	الصّفّ	aṣ-Ṣaff	as-Saff	The Ranks
62	الجمعة	al-Ǧumuʿa	al-Jumua	The Friday
63	المنافقون	al-Munāfiqūn	al-Munafiqun	The Hypocrites
64	التّغابن	at-Taġābun	at-Taghabun	The Mutual Disillusion
65	الطّلاق	aṭ-Ṭalāq	at-Talaq	The Divorce
66	التّحريم	at-Taḥrīm	at-Tahrim	The Prohibition
67	الملك	al-Mulk	al-Mulk	The Sovereignty
68	القلم	al-Qalam	al-Qalam	The Pen
69	الحآقّة	al-Ḥāqqa	al-Haqqa	The Inevitable Reality
70	المعارج	al-Maʿāriǧ	al-Maarij	The Ascending Stairways
71	المرسلات	al-Mursalāt	al-Mursalat	The Emissaries
72	الجنّ	al-Ǧinn	al-Jinn	The Jinn
73	المزمّل	al-Muzzammil	al-Muzammil	The Enshrouded One
74	المدّثّر	al-Mudaṯṯir	al-Muddaththir	The Cloaked One
75	القيامة	al-Qiyāma	al-Qiyama	The Resurrection
76	الإنسان	al-Insān	al-Insan	The Man
77	المرسلات	al-Mursalāt	al-Mursalat	The Emissaries
78	النّبأ	an-Nabaʾ	an-Naba	The Tidings
79	النّازعات	an-Nāziʿāt	an-Naziat	Those Who Tear Out
80	عبس	ʿAbasa	Abasa	He Frowned
81	التّكوير	at-Takwīr	at-Takwir	The Overthrowing
82	الإنفطار	al-Infiṭār	al-Infitar	The Cleaving
83	المطفّفين	al-Muṭaffifīn	al-Mutaffifin	The Defrauding
84	الإنشقاق	al-Inšiqāq	al-Inshiqaq	The Sundering
85	البروج	al-Burūǧ	al-Buruj	The Towers
86	الطّارق	aṭ-Ṭāriq	at-Tariq	The Nightcomer
87	الأعلى	al-Aʿlā	al-Ala	The Most High
88	الغاشية	al-Ġāšiya	al-Ghashiya	The Overwhelming
89	الفجر	al-Faǧr	al-Fajr	The Dawn
90	البلد	al-Balad	al-Balad	The City
91	الشّمس	aš-Šams	ash-Shams	The Sun
92	الّيل	al-Lail	al-Lail	The Night
93	الضّحى	aḍ-Ḍuḥā	ad-Duha	The Morning Hours
94	الشّرح	aš-Šarḥ	ash-Sharh	The Relief
95	التّين	at-Tīn	at-Tin	The Fig
96	العلق	al-ʿAlaq	al-Alaq	The Clot
97	القدر	al-Qadr	al-Qadr	The Power
98	البيّنة	al-Bayyina	al-Bayyina	The Clear Proof
99	الزّلزلة	az-Zalzala	az-Zalzala	The Earthquake
100	العاديات	al-ʿĀdiyāt	al-Adiyat	The Racers
101	القارعة	al-Qāriʿa	al-Qaria	The Calamity
102	التّكاثر	at-Takāṯur	at-Takathur	The Rivalry in World Increase
103	العصر	al-ʿAṣr	al-Asr	The Time
104	الهمزة	al-Humaza	al-Humaza	The Slanderer
105	الفيل	al-Fīl	al-Fil	The Elephant
106	قريش	Quraiš	Quraish	Quraysh
107	الماعون	al-Māʿūn	al-Maun	The Small Kindnesses
108	الكوثر	al-Kauṯar	al-Kauthar	Al-Kawthar
109	الكافرون	al-Kāfirūn	al-Kafirun	The Disbelievers
110	النّصر	an-Naṣr	an-Nasr	The Divine Support
111	المسد	al-Masad	al-Masad	The Palm Fibre
112	الإخلاص	al-Iḫlāṣ	al-Ikhlas	The Sincerity
113	الفلق	al-Falaq	al-Falaq	The Daybreak
114	النّاس	an-Nās	an-Nas	The Mankind

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